montana/iOS/liboqs/docs/algorithms/sig/uov.md

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# UOV
- **Algorithm type**: Digital signature scheme.
- **Main cryptographic assumption**: multivariable quadratic equations, oil and vinegar.
- **Principal submitters**: Ward Beullens, Ming-Shing Chen, Jintai Ding, Boru Gong, Matthias J. Kannwischer, Jacques Patarin, Bo-Yuan Peng, Dieter Schmidt, Cheng-Jhih Shih, Chengdong Tao, Bo-Yin Yang.
- **Authors' website**: https://www.uovsig.org/
- **Specification version**: NIST Round 2 (February 2025).
- **Primary Source**<a name="primary-source"></a>:
- **Source**: https://github.com/pqov/pqov/commit/33fa5278754a32064c55901c3a17d48b06cc2351
- **Implementation license (SPDX-Identifier)**: CC0 OR Apache-2.0
- **Optimized Implementation sources**:
- **neon**:<a name="neon"></a>
- **Source**: https://github.com/pqov/pqov/commit/33fa5278754a32064c55901c3a17d48b06cc2351
- **Implementation license (SPDX-Identifier)**: CC0 OR Apache-2.0
- **avx2**:<a name="avx2"></a>
- **Source**: https://github.com/pqov/pqov/commit/33fa5278754a32064c55901c3a17d48b06cc2351
- **Implementation license (SPDX-Identifier)**: CC0 OR Apache-2.0
## Parameter set summary
| Parameter set | Parameter set alias | Security model | Claimed NIST Level | Public key size (bytes) | Secret key size (bytes) | Signature size (bytes) |
|:---------------:|:----------------------|:-----------------|---------------------:|--------------------------:|--------------------------:|-------------------------:|
| OV-Is | NA | EUF-CMA | 1 | 412160 | 348704 | 96 |
| OV-Ip | NA | EUF-CMA | 1 | 278432 | 237896 | 128 |
| OV-III | NA | EUF-CMA | 3 | 1225440 | 1044320 | 200 |
| OV-V | NA | EUF-CMA | 5 | 2869440 | 2436704 | 260 |
| OV-Is-pkc | NA | EUF-CMA | 1 | 66576 | 348704 | 96 |
| OV-Ip-pkc | NA | EUF-CMA | 1 | 43576 | 237896 | 128 |
| OV-III-pkc | NA | EUF-CMA | 3 | 189232 | 1044320 | 200 |
| OV-V-pkc | NA | EUF-CMA | 5 | 446992 | 2436704 | 260 |
| OV-Is-pkc-skc | NA | EUF-CMA | 1 | 66576 | 32 | 96 |
| OV-Ip-pkc-skc | NA | EUF-CMA | 1 | 43576 | 32 | 128 |
| OV-III-pkc-skc | NA | EUF-CMA | 3 | 189232 | 32 | 200 |
| OV-V-pkc-skc | NA | EUF-CMA | 5 | 446992 | 32 | 260 |
## OV-Is implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage?‡ |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:----------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
‡For an explanation of what this denotes, consult the [Explanation of Terms](#explanation-of-terms) section at the end of this file.
## OV-Ip implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-III implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-V implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-Is-pkc implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-Ip-pkc implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-III-pkc implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-V-pkc implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-Is-pkc-skc implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-Ip-pkc-skc implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-III-pkc-skc implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## OV-V-pkc-skc implementation characteristics
| Implementation source | Identifier in upstream | Supported architecture(s) | Supported operating system(s) | CPU extension(s) used | No branching-on-secrets claimed? | No branching-on-secrets checked by valgrind? | Large stack usage? |
|:---------------------------------:|:-------------------------|:----------------------------|:--------------------------------|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:---------------------|
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | ref | All | All | None | True | True | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | neon | ARM64\_V8 | Linux,Darwin | None | True | False | False |
| [Primary Source](#primary-source) | avx2 | x86\_64 | Linux,Darwin | AVX2 | True | True | False |
Are implementations chosen based on runtime CPU feature detection? **Yes**.
## Explanation of Terms
- **Large Stack Usage**: Implementations identified as having such may cause failures when running in threads or in constrained environments.